Japan gave the world its first mass-market DC fast-charging plug — CHAdeMO — yet today that standard is retreating at home while Tesla's NACS spreads across the islands. This is the story of how the country that invented the fast-charger is quietly re-aligning with a connector it did not design.
What CHAdeMO Was — and Why Japan Built It
CHAdeMO was launched in 2010 by a consortium led by Nissan and Tokyo Electric Power (TEPCO), with Toyota, Mitsubishi, and Subaru's Fuji Heavy Industries among the early backers. The name is a play on the Japanese phrase "O cha demo ikaga desuka" — "how about a cup of tea?" — the idea being you could top up while enjoying a break. For most of the 2010s it was the world's dominant DC fast-charging standard, riding on the back of the original Nissan Leaf, for years the best-selling EV on the planet.
Its standout technical feature was bidirectional charging: CHAdeMO could push power back from car to grid or home (V2G/V2H), a capability that fit Japan's earthquake-resilience mindset far better than any rival plug. But outside Japan it never won over non-Japanese automakers, and as CCS and later NACS scaled globally, CHAdeMO's international footprint shrank to legacy Leafs and scattered stations.
The NACS Wave Reaches Japan
NACS — the North American Charging Standard, originally Tesla's proprietary plug and formalized as SAE J3400 in June 2023 after Tesla opened the design in November 2022 — spent 2023–2025 sweeping North America. Every major automaker, including Toyota, Honda, Nissan, and Subaru, committed to NACS for their U.S. and Canadian EVs. The same pressure is now landing on the Japanese home market.
The first crack appeared with Sony Honda Mobility, whose Afeela brand became the first Japanese automaker to adopt NACS for cars sold in Japan; the Afeela 1 is scheduled to begin Japan deliveries in late 2026. Then in May 2025 Mazda signed with Tesla and announced it would fit NACS ports on its Japan-market EVs from 2027, letting them use Tesla Superchargers domestically. Stellantis has since flagged the same move for Japan (and South Korea).
The Numbers: A Lopsided Standoff
Here is the paradox. By connector count, CHAdeMO still utterly dominates Japan. Industry reporting (Gasgoo/d1ev, early 2026) puts Japan at roughly 14,482 CHAdeMO connectors versus about 1,172 NACS Supercharger connectors as of January 2026 — and estimates that close to 90% of the country's charging infrastructure still runs CHAdeMO. Tesla's own Japanese Supercharger footprint was around 125 sites / 638 stalls in early 2025 and has been expanding since.
So the fight is not about raw sockets — it is about speed and experience. Most legacy CHAdeMO chargers deliver just 20–50 kW (a slice reach 100 kW), while Tesla's V3 Superchargers do 250 kW and V4 units 350 kW. Tesla's "plug-and-charge" authentication has also set a UX bar that clunky, card-fragmented CHAdeMO stations struggle to match. As Tesla's charging chief Max de Zegher noted in late 2025, nearly all of Japan's 150 kW+ DC fast chargers are already Superchargers (NACS) — the high-power tier CHAdeMO never broadly delivered.
Why CHAdeMO Still Holds the Home Court
Toyota and Nissan, the standards' core sponsors, still fit CHAdeMO on Japan-market EVs (the Leaf remains a CHAdeMO car at home). The reason is sunk cost: ripping out ~14,000 installed connectors would be enormously expensive, and CHAdeMO's V2H story still matters in a quake-prone country. The CHAdeMO Association has responded by pushing "plug-and-pay" simplicity and faster chargers to close the gap, while Toyota now offers no-monthly-fee charging to smooth the experience.
Domestic operators are hedging too: Terra Charge plans NACS-compatible sites at malls and highways by fiscal 2028, and Power X has started NACS-compatible R&D. Expect a long transitional phase of "CHAdeMO infrastructure with NACS vehicles," bridged by adapters.
ChaoJi: Japan's Long-Game Alternative
Japan has not simply surrendered. ChaoJi is a next-generation DC standard co-developed with China, merging CHAdeMO and GB/T DNA and designed to support up to roughly 600 kW. Commercial deployment is still minimal, but if Japan and China's combined EV base ever rallies behind it, ChaoJi could become the only serious challenger to the Tesla-led blocs. For now it is an insurance policy, not a replacement.
China Angle
As a Chinese EV writer, Japan's standoff reads like a mirror of our own past — and a warning. China solved the plug question early by mandating a single national standard, GB/T, which now backs chargers from 250 kW all the way to 1.2 MW and is being rolled out across Belt-and-Road markets. We never had a "home turf vs. foreign plug" civil war because the state picked one winner. Japan, by contrast, let CHAdeMO flourish freely and is now paying the switching cost. The lesson for both of us: in EVs, the connector is not just metal — it is the operating system of the entire charging ecosystem, and the side that controls the plug controls the data, the network, and ultimately the customer.
中文简报
日本是直流快充标准 CHAdeMO 的发源地，但如今这一本土标准正在本国退守，特斯拉 NACS 加速渗透。索尼本田（Afeela）已率先在日本采用 NACS，马自达宣布 2027 年起日本市场电动车换装 NACS，斯泰兰蒂斯也跟进；丰田与日产仍坚守 CHAdeMO。据行业数据，截至 2026 年初日本约 1.45 万个 CHAdeMO 接口对约 1,172 个 NACS 超充接口，近九成基建仍是 CHAdeMO，但高功率快充几乎已被特斯拉垄断。中日联合的 ChaoJi 标准（上限约 600 kW）是日本的长线备选。对中国读者而言，这恰说明"统一充电标准"的战略价值。
Sources
- EV Charging Stations — "In 2026, Japan and South Korea Might Begin Switching To NACS (SAE J3400)": https://evchargingstations.com/chargingnews/japan-and-south-korea-might-switch-to-nacs
- Autopost Global — "Losing The Plug To Win The War? Why Japanese EVs Are Trading Sovereignty For Survival": https://autopostglobal.com/uncategorized/article/101973/
- Paul Tan's Automotive News — "Mazda to adopt NACS for EVs in Japan…": https://paultan.org/2025/05/15/mazda-to-adopt-nacs-for-evs-in-japan-for-tesla-supercharger-use-sounding-death-knell-for-chademo
- d1ev / Gasgoo (Chinese industry reporting, early-2026 connector counts): https://d1ev.com/news/shichang/290981
Tags: technology,charging
